{"id":2119,"date":"2017-12-22T10:45:11","date_gmt":"2017-12-22T10:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/?post_type=ht_kb&#038;p=2119"},"modified":"2025-12-04T10:15:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T10:15:57","slug":"the-cross-section-of-some-elements-is-insufficient","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/knowledge-base\/the-cross-section-of-some-elements-is-insufficient\/","title":{"rendered":"About the skulls"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-tabs su-tabs-style-default su-tabs-mobile-stack\" data-active=\"1\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-tabs-nav\"><span class=\"\" data-anchor=\"EN\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">EN<\/span><span class=\"\" data-anchor=\"NL\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">NL<\/span><\/div><div class=\"su-tabs-panes\"><div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"EN\">\n<p>Afther\u00a0the reinforcement calculation <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img_inline alignnone size-full wp-image-3859\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ButtonReinforcement.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" \/>, you get the following message:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4695 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient.png 290w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient-50x23.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient-60x27.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient-35x16.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[FR]: La section de quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments est insuffisante.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[ES]: La secci\u00f3n de algunos elementos es insufieciente.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>How to handle the skulls<\/h2>\n<h3>What causes the skulls?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>This message is given when the theoretical reinforcement calculated by Diamonds, is more than the maximum allowed reinforcement percentage<sup><a id=\"ref1\" href=\"#fn1\">1<\/a><\/sup> (usually 4% of the concrete section) imposed by the selected concrete standard.<\/li>\n<li>Click &#8216;OK&#8217; to close the error.<\/li>\n<li>A skull will be shown in (the centre of gravity of) each element with a problem.<br \/>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 50%;\">Example: skull in a\u00a0line element<\/th>\n<th>Example: skull in a surface element<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2120 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"732\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull.png 732w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-50x12.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-60x14.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-35x8.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><\/td>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8735\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1021\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2.png 1021w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-35x25.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1021px) 100vw, 1021px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The position of the skull is thus not representative for the position of the problem.<br \/>\nAlthough in a surface element, you can see were the reinforcement could not be calculated by the white zones. More on that later in this article. In a line element, it is not possible to track the location were the skull is caused.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8736\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3.png 893w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-300x265.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-768x679.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-50x44.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-60x53.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-35x31.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>While looking at a reinforcement result, double click an element to see the cause of the problem.<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2131 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-1024x690.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"643\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-1024x690.png 1024w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-50x34.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-60x40.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-35x24.png 35w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause.png 1075w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><br \/>\nPossible causes are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ULS (Ultimate Limit State)<br \/>\nToo much reinforcement required to take axial force N and\/or bending moment M in ULS.<\/li>\n<li>SLS (Service Limit State)<br \/>\nToo much reinforcement required to limit the concrete and steel stresses based on the internal forces in SLS.<\/li>\n<li>Shear and\/or torsion<br \/>\nToo much reinforcement required to take the shear V and\/or torsional force Mx in ULS.<\/li>\n<li>Buckling<br \/>\nToo much reinforcement required to meet the requirements for buckling according to EN 1992-1-1 \u00a75.8.8.<br \/>\nDiamonds uses the method based on nominal curvature to calculate second order effects. However, this method has a limited range of use. If an element is too slender, it requires non-linear analyis and the method implemented in Diamonds can no longer be used. In that case Diamonds will also show a skull and the caption will say &#8216;buckling&#8217;.<\/li>\n<li>Fire<br \/>\nThe additional reinforcmeent to meet a certain fire resistance results in the maximum allowed reinforcement percentage to be exceeded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Solution<\/h2>\n    \t\t<div class=\"hts-messages hts-messages--alert    \" id=\"\" style=\"\">\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    \t\t\t\t\tThe &#8216;solutions&#8217; in the table below only make sense when the geometry, boundary conditions and loads are defined properly.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If you&#8217;ve applied a load twice by accident, no function in Diamonds will be able to detect that.<\/li>\n<li>If you didn&#8217;t apply the correct <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/how-to-define-the-correct-beam-plate-interaction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beam-plate interactions<\/a>, no function in Diamonds will tell you that.<\/li>\n<li>If you accidently adjusted the floor height by playing with the level manager, no function in Diamonds will tell you that.<\/li>\n<li>If you accidently entered the wrong dimensions of the concrete element, no function in Diamonds will tell you that.<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So before you start with the solutions below, verify the geometry and loads. Additionally: it&#8217;s a good habit to know what you&#8217;re calculating and what you expect as a result. It will help you detect error and understand the results. For example: what bending moment do I expect in beam X? And what longitudinal reinforcement corresponds to this? Does that amount of reinforcement exceeds the maximum allowed reinforcement percentage?     \t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\r\n    \t\t<\/div><!-- \/.ht-shortcodes-messages -->\r\n    \t\t\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>skull in a\u00a0line element<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0skull in a surface element<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ULS or\u00a0SLS<\/td>\n<td>Increase section, choose better concrete quality.<\/p>\n<p>In case of columns, try <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/what-is-the-difference-between-the-reinforcement-patterns-and-why-is-one-more-economic-than-another\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an identical or proportional distribution pattern for the reinforcement<\/a>. If that doesn&#8217;t help, maybe you need more columns?<\/td>\n<td>Determine if the skull is a peak-related problem or a field related problem (more info below).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shear and\/or torsion<\/td>\n<td>Check if the correct internal boundary conditions between <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/how-to-define-the-correct-beam-plate-interaction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">beams and plates <\/a>are defined.<br \/>\nIf so, and the element is not sufficiant: increase section, choose better concrete quality<\/td>\n<td>Diamonds doesn&#8217;t verify shear\/ torsion in surface elements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Buckling<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>When a beam and plate are poured together, the beam is often placed eccentric. The eccentricity will cause axial forces (compression) in the beam. Since Diamonds doesn&#8217;t know they will be poured together, and that the beam can&#8217;t buckle, he&#8217;ll perform a buckling check on it, causing high reinforcement. To turn off the buckling check for this type of beam, select the beam, click on\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img_inline alignnone size-large wp-image-2122\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/KnopKnikParameters.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"37\" height=\"36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/KnopKnikParameters.png 37w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/KnopKnikParameters-35x35.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 37px) 100vw, 37px\" \/>in the geometry configuration <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img_inline alignnone size-full wp-image-2121\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/GeometryConfiguration.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"22\" height=\"26\" \/>. Unselect the boxes before the buckling lengths.<\/li>\n<li>Incase of a column:\n<ul>\n<li>check if buckling length is well defined.<\/li>\n<li>Try <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/what-is-the-difference-between-the-reinforcement-patterns-and-why-is-one-more-economic-than-another\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an identical or proportional distribution pattern<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Increase section, choose better concrete quality, add more columns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>Diamonds doesn&#8217;t verify\u00a0buckling in surface elements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note: sometimes it is interesting to know the results behind the skull (to see how much exceedance there is) or to even hide the skull (if the skulls result from peaks). Read <a href=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-show-the-reinforcement-results-behind-a-skull\/\">here <\/a>how to do so.<\/p>\n<h3>Peak-related versus a field related problem in surface-elements<\/h3>\n<p>In order to judge how to deal with skulls in surface elements, you need to know the cause of the skull. Or by extension: where are the white zones located? In a peak-sensitive area or in the middle of the plate?<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 50%;\">Peak related<\/th>\n<th>Field related<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>If the skull is peak related, the white zone has <strong>a radius of one mesh triangle<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8738 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"597\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6.png 597w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-50x45.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-60x55.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-35x32.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/td>\n<td>If the skull is field related, the white zone has a radius of more than one mesh triangle.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8737 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7.png 592w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-300x272.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-50x45.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-60x54.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-35x32.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>There are a few typical places where peak results intend to occur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Above point supports<\/li>\n<li>Where a line support suddenly ends<\/li>\n<li>Inner corners<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8739\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-1024x239.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"643\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-1024x239.png 1024w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-768x179.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-50x12.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-60x14.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-35x8.png 35w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8.png 1133w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/how-to-handle-peaks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This article<\/a> gives more information on what peaks are, how they arise and how to handle them.<\/td>\n<td>When a surface-elements contains a field-related skull, the only solution is to increase the cross-section or choose a better concrete quality.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><sup id=\"fn1\">1. The maximum allowed reinforcement percentage can be\u00a0consulted in Diamonds via the menu <em>Edit &gt; Material library<\/em> &gt; * Find the relevant concrete quality in the list * &gt; select the relevant standard &gt; go to the tab page <em>Advanced<\/em>.&#8221; href=&#8221;#ref1&#8243;&gt;\u21a9<\/sup><br \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"NL\">\n<p>Na een wapeningsberekeningen\u00a0 <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img_inline alignnone size-full wp-image-3859\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ButtonReinforcement.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" \/>, krijg je volgende foutmelding:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4695 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient.png 290w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient-50x23.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient-60x27.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CrossSectionInsufficient-35x16.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[NL]: De doorsnede van sommige elementen is ontoereikend.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Hoe ga je om met doodskoppen<\/h2>\n<h3>Wat is de oorzaak van de doodskoppen?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Deze melding wordt getoond wanneer de theoretische wapeningshoeveelheid berekend door Diamonds, meer is dan het maximum toelaatbaar wapeningspercentage <sup><a id=\"ref1\" href=\"#fn1\">1<\/a><\/sup> (meestal 4% van de betondoorsnede) opgelegd door de norm.<\/li>\n<li>Er wordt een doodskop getoond in het zwaartepunt van het probleem element ( balk, kolom, vloer, wand, &#8230; ).<br \/>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 50%;\">Voorbeeld: een doodskop in een lijnelement<\/th>\n<th>Voorbeeld: een doodskop in een oppervlakte element<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2120 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"732\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull.png 732w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-50x12.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-60x14.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull-35x8.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><\/td>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8735\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1021\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2.png 1021w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull2-35x25.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1021px) 100vw, 1021px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>De positie van de doodskop is niet representatief voor de positie waar het probleem zich voordoet. De doodskop wordt namelijk altijd in het zwaartepunt van het element getekend.<br \/>\nHoewel je in een oppervlakte element wel kan zien waar het probleem zich voordoet: in de witte zones kon de wapening namelijk niet berekend worden. Meer info hierover later in dit artikel.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8736 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3.png 893w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-300x265.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-768x679.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-50x44.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-60x53.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull3-35x31.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Terwijl je de wapeningsresultaten bekijkt, kan je een element met doodskop dubbelklikken en zo de oorzaak van de doodskop achterhalen. <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2131\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-1024x690.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-1024x690.png 1024w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-50x34.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-60x40.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause-35x24.png 35w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SkullCause.png 1075w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><br \/>\nMogelijke oorzaken zijn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UGT (Uiterste Grens Toestand)<br \/>\nTe veel wapening vereist om normaalkracht N en\/of buigmoment M in UGT op te vangen.<\/li>\n<li>BGT (Bruikbaarheidsgrens toestand)<br \/>\nTe veel wapening vereist om de spanningen in het beton en\/of staal te beperken in BGT.<\/li>\n<li>Dwarskracht en\/ of torsie<br \/>\nTe veel wapening vereist om de dwarskracht V en\/of torsiekracht Mx in ULS op te vangen.<\/li>\n<li>Knik<br \/>\nTe veel wapening vereist om te voldoen aan de eisen voor knik volgens EN 1992-1-1 \u00a75.8.8.<br \/>\nDiamonds gebruikt de methode op basis van nominale kromming om tweede orde effecten te berekenen. Deze methode heeft echter een beperkt gebruiksbereik. Als een element te slank is, vereist het niet-lineaire analyse en kan de methode die in Diamonds is ge\u00efmplementeerd niet langer worden gebruikt. In dat geval zal Diamonds ook een schedel tonen en zal het onderschrift &#8216;Knik&#8217; zeggen.<\/li>\n<li>Brand<br \/>\nBijkomende wapening om een bepaalde brandweerstand te halen zorgt ervoor dat het maximum toelaatbaar wapeningspercentage wordt overschreden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Oplossing<\/h2>\n    \t\t<div class=\"hts-messages hts-messages--alert    \" id=\"\" style=\"\">\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    \t\t\t\t\tDe &#8216;oplossingen&#8217; in onderstaande tabel zijn alleen zinvol als de geometrie, randvoorwaarden en belastingen correct zijn gedefinieerd.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Als je per ongeluk twee keer dezelfde belasting hebt gedefinieerd, kan geen enkele functie in Diamonds dat detecteren.<\/li>\n<li>Als je niet de juiste <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/how-to-define-the-correct-beam-plate-interaction\/\">balk-plaatinteractie<\/a> hebt toegepast, zal geen enkele functie in Diamonds je dat vertellen.<\/li>\n<li>Als je per ongeluk de verdiepingshoogte hebt aangepast door te spelen met het niveaubeheer <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img_inline alignnone size-full wp-image-3837\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/KnopLevelManager2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"101\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/KnopLevelManager2.jpg 101w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/KnopLevelManager2-50x13.jpg 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/KnopLevelManager2-60x16.jpg 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/KnopLevelManager2-35x9.jpg 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 101px) 100vw, 101px\" \/>, zal geen enkele functie in Diamonds je dat vertellen.<\/li>\n<li>Als je per ongeluk de verkeerde afmetingen van het betonelement hebt ingevoerd, zal geen enkele functie in Diamonds je dat vertellen.<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Controleer dus de geometrie en de belastingen voordat je met de onderstaande oplossingen begint. Bovendien: het is een goede gewoonte om te weten wat je berekent en wat je als resultaat verwacht. Het zal je helpen fouten te detecteren en de resultaten te begrijpen. Bijvoorbeeld: welk buigmoment verwacht ik in balk X? En welke langswapening komt hiermee overeen? Overschrijdt die hoeveelheid wapening het maximaal toegestane wapeningspercentage?    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\r\n    \t\t<\/div><!-- \/.ht-shortcodes-messages -->\r\n    \t\t\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Doodskop in een lijnelement<\/th>\n<th>Doodskop in een oppervlakte element<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>UGT of BGT<\/td>\n<td>Verhoog de doorsnede, kies een betere betonkwaliteit.<\/p>\n<p>In geval van kolommen, probeer <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/what-is-the-difference-between-the-reinforcement-patterns-and-why-is-one-more-economic-than-another\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">een identiek of proportioneel wapeningspatroon voor de wapening<\/a>. Als dat geen oplossing is, misschien heb je dan meer kolommen nodig?<\/td>\n<td>Bepaal of de doodskop piek- of veldgerelateerd is (meer info verder in dit artikel).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dwarskracht en\/ of torsie<\/td>\n<td>Controleer of de correcte randvoorwaarden tussen <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/how-to-define-the-correct-beam-plate-interaction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">balken en platen<\/a> gedefinieerd zijn.<br \/>\nZo ja en het element voldoet niet: verhoog de doorsnede, kies een betere betonkwaliteit.<\/td>\n<td>Diamonds controleert geen dwarskracht\/ torsie in oppervlakte elementen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Knik<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Wanneer een balk en een plaat samen gestort worden, wordt de balk vaak excentrisch gemodelleerd in Diamonds. De excentriciteit zorgt voor normaalkracht in de balk. Aangezien Diamonds niet weet dat balk en plaat samen gestort worden, en de balk bijgevolg niet kan uitknikken, zal hij een knikcontrole uitvoeren op die kolom. Wat resulteert in extra hoge wapeningshoeveelheden.<br \/>\nOm de knikcontrole in dit type balken uit te zetten, selecteer je de balk(en) en klik je daarna op <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img_inline alignnone size-large wp-image-2122\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/KnopKnikParameters.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"37\" height=\"36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/KnopKnikParameters.png 37w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/KnopKnikParameters-35x35.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 37px) 100vw, 37px\" \/> in de Geometrie configuratie\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img_inline alignnone size-full wp-image-2121\" src=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/GeometryConfiguration.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"22\" height=\"26\" \/>. Deselecteer de vakjes voor de kniklengtes.<\/li>\n<li>In geval van een kolom:\n<ul>\n<li>controleer of de kniklengte goed gedefinieerd is.<\/li>\n<li>Probeer <a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/what-is-the-difference-between-the-reinforcement-patterns-and-why-is-one-more-economic-than-another\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">een identiek of proportioneel wapeningspatroon<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Verhoog de doorsnede, kies een betere betonkwaliteit, voeg meer kolommen toe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>Diamonds controleert geen knik in oppervlakte elementen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Opmerking: soms is het interessant om de resultaten achter de doodskop te zien (om te weten hoe hoog de overschrijding is) of om de doodskoppen te verbergen (als de doodskopen volgen uit pieken). <a href=\"http:\/\/buildsoftsupport.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-show-the-reinforcement-results-behind-a-skull\/\">Hier kan je lezen<\/a> hoe je de doodskoppen verbergt.<\/p>\n<h3>Piekgerelateerd versus veldgerelateerd probleem in oppervlakte-elementen<\/h3>\n<p>Om te kunnen beoordelen hoe je met doodskoppen in oppervlakte-elementen moet omgaan, moet je de oorzaak van de doodskop weten. Of bij uitbreiding: waar bevinden zich de witte zones? In een piekgevoelig gebied of in het veld van de plaat?<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 50%;\">Piekgerelateerd<\/th>\n<th><strong>Veldgerelateerd<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Als de doodskop piekrelateerd is, heeft de witte zone <strong>een straal ter grootte van \u00e9\u00e9n meshdriehoek<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8738 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"597\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6.png 597w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-50x45.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-60x55.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull6-35x32.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/td>\n<td>Als de doodskop veldgerelateerd is, heeft de witte zone <strong>een straal groter dan \u00e9\u00e9n meshdriehoek<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8737 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7.png 592w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-300x272.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-50x45.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-60x54.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull7-35x32.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Er zijn een paar locaties waar piekresultaten vaak optreden:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boven puntondersteuningen<\/li>\n<li>Waar een lijnondersteuning eindigt<\/li>\n<li>Inwendige hoeken<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8739\" src=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-1024x239.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"643\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-1024x239.png 1024w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-768x179.png 768w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-50x12.png 50w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-60x14.png 60w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8-35x8.png 35w, https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Skull8.png 1133w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/knowledge-base\/how-to-handle-peaks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dit artikel<\/a> geeft meer informatie over wat pieken zijn, hoe ze ontstaan en hoe je ermee moet omgaan.<\/td>\n<td>Wanneer een oppervlakte element een veld gerelateerde doodskop geeft, is de enige oplossing om de doorsnede te vergroten of een betere betonkwaliteit te kiezen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><sup id=\"fn1\">1. Het maximum toelaatbaar wapeningspercentage kan je raadplegen in Diamonds via het menu <em>Wijzig &gt; Materiaalbibliotheek<\/em> &gt; *Zoek de relevante betonkwaliteit in de lijst * &gt; selecteer de relevante betonnorm &gt; ga naar het tabblad <em>Geavanceerd<\/em>.&#8221; href=&#8221;#ref1&#8243;&gt;\u21a9<\/sup><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"ht-kb-category":[68],"ht-kb-tag":[263,429,1034,1035,428,426,1200,427,129,1036,920,1348,613,615,614,425,123,1107,1033,1032],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/2119"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ht_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2119"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/2119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21896,"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/2119\/revisions\/21896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-category?post=2119"},{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-tag?post=2119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}