{"id":14060,"date":"2024-12-16T15:24:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T15:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=14060"},"modified":"2024-12-16T15:25:02","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T15:25:02","slug":"slx-10-global-imperfections","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/support.buildsoft.eu\/nl\/knowledge-base\/slx-10-global-imperfections\/","title":{"rendered":"SLX 10: Global imperfections"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Description<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Material<\/th>\n<\/td>\nSteel<\/td>\nS235<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Geometry<\/th>\nCross-section<\/td>\nColumns<\/td>\nHEA 220<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beams<\/td>\nIPE 400 (top level)
\nIPE 450 (bottom level)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boundary conditions<\/td>\nIn points A, B and C<\/td>\nFixed supports<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The entire frame<\/td>\nX rotatie and Z-displacement
\nprevented to impose 2D behaviour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Loads<\/th>\n<\/td>\nOn top level<\/td>\nqULS FC.1<\/sub> \"= 82.1 \text{kN/m}\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
On bottom level<\/td>\nqULS FC.2<\/sub> \"=107.3 \text{kN/m}\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Calculation options<\/th>\n<\/td>\nGlobal imperfection<\/td>\n\"\varphi =3.09 \cdot 10^{-3}=\frac{1}{324}\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Note: for the calculation of the global imperfections \"\varphi\", we refer to the document “SX008a-EN-EU” . Its reference is at the bottom of this article.<\/i><\/p>\n

Independent reference results<\/h2>\n
<\/span>Open handcalculations<\/div>
\n

Diamonds uses equivalent horizontal forces to take global imperfections into account. But it’s not possible to see how large those equivalent horizontal forces are. However, we can calculate them by hand:<\/p>\n

  <\/span>   <\/span>\"\[H_1= \varphi \cdot q_1 \cdot L = 3.09 \cdot 10^{-3} \cdot 82.1 \text{kN/m} \cdot 14m=3.55 \text{kN}\]\"<\/p>\n

  <\/span>   <\/span>\"\[H_2= \varphi \cdot q_2 \cdot L = 3.09 \cdot 10^{-3} \cdot 107.3 \text{kN/m} \cdot 14m=4.64 \text{kN}\]\"<\/p>\n

In order to test whether the Diamonds results are correct, the Diamonds contians 3 load groups containing ULS loads:<\/p>\n